Notes of Ch 7 Diversity in Living Organisms| Class 9th Science
Study Material and Notes of Ch 7 Diversity in Living Organisms Class 9th Science
Topics in the Chapter
• Introduction
→ Taxanomy
• Classification
→ Importance of classification
→ Basis of classfication
→ Classification system
→ Two kingdom classification
→ Five kingdom classification
→ Hierarchy of classfication
• Groups or levels from top to bottom
→ Type of cellular organization
→ Body organization
→ Mode of obtaining food
• Five kingdom classification
→ Monera
→ Protista
→ Fungi
→ Plantae
→ Animalia
• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
→ Source of food
→ Saprophytes
→ Parasitic
→ Symbiotic relation
• Plantae
→ Differentiated body parts
→ Presence of vascular tissue
→ Reproduction through seeds or spores
→ Seeds are inside the fruit or naked
→ Thallophyta
→ Bryophyte
→ Pteridophyta
→ Gymnosperms
→ Angiosperms
• Animalia
→Symmetry
→ Germ layers
→ Coelom
→ Notochord
• Porifera or Sponges
• Coelenterata
• Platyhelminthes
• Mollusca
• Annelida
• Arthropoda
• Echinodermata
• Protochordata
• Nematoda
• Vertebrata
→ Warm blood organisms
→ Cold blooded organisms
• Pisces (Fishes)
• Amphibia
• Reptilla (Reptiles)
• Aves (birds)
• Mammalia (Mammals)
• Nomenclature
→ Conventions in writing scientific names
Introduction
→ All living organism are grouped on the basis of their similarities and increasing complexities into different complexities.
→ Biodiversity means the variety of living organisms present on a particular region.
→ There are about 20 lac organisms known on the earth which differ from one another in external form, internal structure, mode of nutrition, habitat, etc.
• Taxonomy: It is a branch of biology which deals with identification, nomenclature and classification of organisms. Carolus Lannaeus is called the father of taxonomy.
Classification
→ The method of arranging organisms into groups or sets on the basis of similarities and differences is called classification.
Importance of Classification
→ It makes the study of wide variety of organisms easy and in systematic manner.
→ It helps to understand how the different organisms have evolved with
time.
→ It helps to understand the inter-relationships among different groups of organisms.
→ It forms a base for the study of other biological sciences, like biogeography.
Basis of Classification
→ There are certain features or properties used for the classification of living organisms which are known as characteristics.
→ Organisms with same characteristics are placed in same groups.
Classification System
• Two kingdom classification: Carolus Linnaeus in 1758 classified the living organisms into two groups as plants and animals.
• Five kingdom classification: H. Whittaker in 1959 further classified the organisms into five kingdoms as Kingdom Monera, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia.
→ Carl Woese in 1977 further divided Kingdom Monera into archaebacteria (or Archae) and Eubacteria (or Bacteria).
• Hierarchy of Classification: Linnaeus proposed a classification system by arranging organisms into taxonomic groups at different levels according to the characteristics they have.
Groups or Levels from top to bottom
→ The major characteristics considered for classifying all organisms into five major kingdoms.
• Type of cellular organization
(i) Prokaryotic cells: These are primitive and incomplete cells without well-defined nucleus.
(ii) Eukaryotic cells: These are advanced and complete cells with well-defined nucleus.
• Body organization
(i) Unicellular organisms: These are organisms made up of single cell with all activities performed by the single cell.
(ii) Multicellular organisms: These are organisms made up of large number of cells with different functions performed by different cells.
• Mode of obtaining food
(i) Autotrophs: These are the organisms that make their own food by photosynthesis.
(ii) Heterotrophs: These are the organisms which depend on o
Study Material and Notes of Ch 7 Diversity in Living Organisms Class 9th Science
Topics in the Chapter
• Introduction
→ Taxanomy
• Classification
→ Importance of classification
→ Basis of classfication
→ Classification system
→ Two kingdom classification
→ Five kingdom classification
→ Hierarchy of classfication
• Groups or levels from top to bottom
→ Type of cellular organization
→ Body organization
→ Mode of obtaining food
• Five kingdom classification
→ Monera
→ Protista
→ Fungi
→ Plantae
→ Animalia
• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
→ Source of food
→ Saprophytes
→ Parasitic
→ Symbiotic relation
• Plantae
→ Differentiated body parts
→ Presence of vascular tissue
→ Reproduction through seeds or spores
→ Seeds are inside the fruit or naked
→ Thallophyta
→ Bryophyte
→ Pteridophyta
→ Gymnosperms
→ Angiosperms
• Animalia
→Symmetry
→ Germ layers
→ Coelom
→ Notochord
• Porifera or Sponges
• Coelenterata
• Platyhelminthes
• Mollusca
• Annelida
• Arthropoda
• Echinodermata
• Protochordata
• Nematoda
• Vertebrata
→ Warm blood organisms
→ Cold blooded organisms
• Pisces (Fishes)
• Amphibia
• Reptilla (Reptiles)
• Aves (birds)
• Mammalia (Mammals)
• Nomenclature
→ Conventions in writing scientific names
Introduction
→ All living organism are grouped on the basis of their similarities and increasing complexities into different complexities.
→ Biodiversity means the variety of living organisms present on a particular region.
→ There are about 20 lac organisms known on the earth which differ from one another in external form, internal structure, mode of nutrition, habitat, etc.
• Taxonomy: It is a branch of biology which deals with identification, nomenclature and classification of organisms. Carolus Lannaeus is called the father of taxonomy.
Classification
→ The method of arranging organisms into groups or sets on the basis of similarities and differences is called classification.
Importance of Classification
→ It makes the study of wide variety of organisms easy and in systematic manner.
→ It helps to understand how the different organisms have evolved with
time.
→ It helps to understand the inter-relationships among different groups of organisms.
→ It forms a base for the study of other biological sciences, like biogeography.
Basis of Classification
→ There are certain features or properties used for the classification of living organisms which are known as characteristics.
→ Organisms with same characteristics are placed in same groups.
Classification System
• Two kingdom classification: Carolus Linnaeus in 1758 classified the living organisms into two groups as plants and animals.
• Five kingdom classification: H. Whittaker in 1959 further classified the organisms into five kingdoms as Kingdom Monera, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia.
→ Carl Woese in 1977 further divided Kingdom Monera into archaebacteria (or Archae) and Eubacteria (or Bacteria).
• Hierarchy of Classification: Linnaeus proposed a classification system by arranging organisms into taxonomic groups at different levels according to the characteristics they have.
Groups or Levels from top to bottom
→ The major characteristics considered for classifying all organisms into five major kingdoms.
• Type of cellular organization
(i) Prokaryotic cells: These are primitive and incomplete cells without well-defined nucleus.
(ii) Eukaryotic cells: These are advanced and complete cells with well-defined nucleus.
• Body organization
(i) Unicellular organisms: These are organisms made up of single cell with all activities performed by the single cell.
(ii) Multicellular organisms: These are organisms made up of large number of cells with different functions performed by different cells.
• Mode of obtaining food
(i) Autotrophs: These are the organisms that make their own food by photosynthesis.
(ii) Heterotrophs: These are the organisms which depend on o
No comments:
Post a Comment