On the accounts of new year extreme is launching its
New logo

MY FAVORITE CAR

Ferrari N.V. (pronounced [ferˈrari]) is an Italian sports car manufacturer based in Maranello. Founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1939 out of Alfa Romeo's race division as Auto Avio Costruzioni, the company built its first car in 1940. However the company's inception as an auto manufacturer is usually recognized in 1947, when the first Ferrari-badged car was completed. In 2014, Ferrari was rated the world's most powerful brand by Brand Finance.[3] In May 2012 the 1962 Ferrari 250 GTO became the most expensive car in history, selling in a private transaction for US$38.1 million to American communications magnate Craig McCaw.[4] Fiat S.p.A. acquired 50 percent of Ferrari in 1969 and expanded its stake to 90 percent in 1988.[5] In October 2014 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles announced its intentions to separate Ferrari S.p.A. from FCA; as of the announcement FCA owned 90 percent of Ferrari.[6][7][8] The separation began in October 2015 with a restructuring that established Ferrari N.V. (a company incorporated in the Netherlands) as the new holding company of the Ferrari group and the subsequent sale by FCA of 10 percent of the shares in an IPO and concurrent listing of common shares on the New York Stock Exchange.[9] Through the remaining steps of the separation, FCA's interest in Ferrari's business was distributed to shareholders of FCA, with 10 percent continuing to be owned by Piero Ferrari.[10] The spin-off was completed on 3 January 2016.[9] Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation in racing, especially in Formula One, where it is the most successful racing team, holding the most constructors championships (16) and having produced the highest number of winning drivers (15).[11] Ferrari road cars are generally seen as a symbol of speed, luxury and wealth.[12]

EXTREME IS NOW ARRANGING A AWARD TO MOST FAVORITE CARTOON TO GIVE AWARD TO YOUR FAVORITE CARTOON PLEASE GIVE VOTE TO THEM
TO VOTE PLEASE MAIL ME AT
namanjasoria41@gmail.com

TO GET YOUR FREE DOMAIN PLEASE

[blɒɡ]. create

                

NOUN
blogs (plural noun)
a regularly updated website or web page, typically one run by an individual or small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style.
synonyms: description · report · version · story · narration · narrative · statement · news · explanation · exposition · interpretation · communiqué · recital · rendition · sketch · delineation · portrayal · tale · chronicle · history · record · archive · annal · minute · transaction · proceeding · transcript · diary · journal · weblog · blog · vlog · moblog · memoir · review · register · log · relation · rehearsal · side · view · impression · sitrep
VERB
blogs (third person present) · blogged (past tense) · blogged (past participle) · blogging (present participle)
add new material to or regularly update a blog:
"it's about a week since I last blogged"
write about (an event, situation, topic, etc.) in a blog:
"he blogged the Democratic and Republican national conventions as an independent"
ORIGIN
1990s: abbreviation of weblog.

EXTREME giving a chance you to ask your questions about any topic related to your choice

to ask questions

enter your questions to the comment box

Despacito por favor...
 Yo, que te conozco podria notar
 Que si te pones nerviosa,
 No paras de hablar
 Que me quieres besar...
 Y tu, que me conoces sabrias decir,
 Que esta mirada en mi rostro
 No puede mentir,
 Te quiero interrumpir...
 (Coro)
 Tu, que quieres seducirme
 Usando un nuevo lenguaje,
 No hay sabotaje
 Porque yo te sigo el juego
 Y cada vez que mбs acelero,
 Pones tu freno, amor
 Despacito por favor...
 Yo que me conozco no puedo aguantar,
 Que te conoces y quieres
 Ir a otro lugar,
 Ya no hay mбs traducciуn,
 Solo hay que escuchar
 Cuando habla el corazуn
 (Coro)
 Tu que quieres seducirme
 Usando un nuevo lenguaje,
 No hay sabotaje
 Porque yo te sigo el juego
 Y cada vez que mбs acelero,
 Pones tu freno, niсa
 Tu me miras y me hablas,
 No hacen falta palabras,
 Tan solo que me hablas
 Yo te sigo el juego
 Y cada vez que mбs acelero,
 Pones tu freno, amor
 Despacito por favor...
 (Coro)
 Tu que quieres seducirme
 Usando un nuevo lenguaje,
 No hay sabotaje
 Porque yo te sigo el juego
 Y cada vez que mбs acelero
 Pones tu freno, niсa
 Tu me miras y me hablas,
 No hacen falta palabras
 Tan solo que me hablas
 Yo te sigo el juego
 Y cada vez que mбs acelero,
 Tu aplicas bien el freno
 Si quieres seducirme amor,
 Despacito por favor... (x3)








84,705

Periodic table

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This article is about the table used in chemistry. For other uses, see Periodic table (disambiguation).

Simple Periodic Table Chart-en.svg


The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. This ordering shows periodic trends, such as elements with similar behaviour in the same column. It also shows four rectangular blocks with some approximately similar chemical properties. In general, within one row (period) the elements are metals on the left, and non-metals on the right.
The rows of the table are called periods; the columns are called groups. Six groups have generally accepted names as well as numbers: for example, group 17 elements are the halogens; and group 18, the noble gases. The periodic table can be used to derive relationships between the properties of the elements, and predict the properties of new elements yet to be discovered or synthesized. The periodic table provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behaviour, and is widely used in chemistry and other sciences.
The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev published the first widely recognized periodic table in 1869. He developed his table to illustrate periodic trends in the properties of the then-known elements. Mendeleev also predicted some properties of then-unknown elements that would be expected to fill gaps in this table. Most of his predictions were proved correct when the elements in question were subsequently discovered. Mendeleev's periodic table has since been expanded and refined with the discovery or synthesis of further new elements and the development of new theoretical models to explain chemical behaviour.
All elements from atomic numbers 1 (hydrogen) to 118 (oganesson) have been discovered or synthesized, with the most recent additions (nihonium, moscovium, tennessine, and oganesson) being confirmed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 2015 and officially named in 2016: they complete the first seven rows of the periodic table.[1][2] The first 94 elements exist naturally, although some are found only in trace amounts and were synthesized in laboratories before being found in nature.[n 1] Elements with atomic numbers from 95 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories or nuclear reactors.[3] Synthesis of elements having higher atomic numbers is being pursued. Numerous synthetic radionuclides of naturally occurring elements have also been produced in laboratories.

History of cricket







First Grand Match of Cricket Played by Members of the Royal Amateur Society on Hampton Court Green
The sport of cricket has a known history beginning in the late 16th century. Having originated in south-east England, it became the country's national sport in the 18th century and has developed globally in the 19th and 20th centuries. International matches have been played since 1844 and Test cricket began, retrospectively recognised, in 1877. Cricket is the world's second most popular spectator sport after association football. Governance is by the International Cricket Council (ICC) which has over one hundred members although only twelve play Test cricket.





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7.For other classes also midterm admissions are not considered except in transfer cases, subject to the availability of seats.

8.It is the responsibility of the parents to collect requisite information pertaining to admission fee and complete the admission related formalities by the stipulated date.

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Mukesh Ambani

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Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani (born 19 April 1957) is an Indian business magnate who is the chairman, managing director and largest shareholder of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), a Fortune Global 500 company and India's second-most valuable company by market value.[5][6][7] He holds a 44.7% stake in the company.[8] RIL deals mainly in refining, petrochemicals, and in the oil and gas sectors. Reliance Retail Ltd., another subsidiary, is the largest retailer in India.[9]

Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani
Mukesh Ambani.jpg
Born
Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani
 19 April 1957 (age 60)
Aden, Colony of Aden (now Yemen)[1][2]
Residence
Antilia, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Alma mater
Institute of Chemical Technology
Forest School (Walthamstow)
Stanford University (discontinued)[3]
Occupation
Chairman and Managing Director of Reliance Industries
Net worth
US$37.0 billion (September 2017)[4]
Spouse(s)
Nita Ambani (m. 1985)
Children
Anant Ambani
Akash Ambani
Isha Ambani
Parent(s)
Dhirubhai Ambani
 Kokilaben Ambani
Relatives
Anil Ambani (brother)
Website
Mukesh Ambani
He is the elder son of the late Dhirubhai Ambani and Kokilaben Ambani and the brother of Anil Ambani. In 2016, he was ranked 38, and is the only Indian businessman, on Forbes' list of the world's most powerful people.[10][4][11] As of 2016, Ambani has consistently held the title of India's richest person on the magazine's list for ten years.[12][13] Through Reliance, he also owns the Indian Premier League franchise Mumbai Indians. In 2012, Forbes named him one of the richest sports owners in the world.[14][15] He resides at the Antilia Building, one of the world's most expensive private residences. Its value is close to $1 Billion.[16][17] As of 2015, Ambani ranked fifth among India's philanthropists, according to China’s Hurun Research Institute.[18]





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Last edited 2 days ago by BarrelProof


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Mahatma Gandhi




"Gandhi" redirects here. For other uses, see Gandhi (disambiguation).
Mahātmā Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (/ˈɡɑːndi, ˈɡæn-/;[3] Hindustani: [ˈmoːɦənd̪aːs ˈkərəmtʃənd̪ ˈɡaːnd̪ʱi]About this sound; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: "high-souled", "venerable")[4]—applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa[5]—is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu ji (Gujarati: endearment for father,[6] papa[6][7]) and Gandhi ji. He is unofficially called the Father of the Nation[8][9]

Mahātmā
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
The face of Gandhi in old age—smiling, wearing glasses, and with a white sash over his right shoulder
Native name
મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી
Born
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
2 October 1869
Porbandar, Porbandar State, Kathiawar Agency, Bombay Presidency, British India[1]
 (present-day Gujarat, India)
Died
30 January 1948 (aged 78)
New Delhi, Delhi, Dominion of India (present-day India)
Cause of death
Assassination
Resting place
Raj Ghat, Delhi, India
Nationality
Indian
Other names
Mahatma Gandhi, Bapu ji, Gandhi ji
Alma mater
University College London[2]
Inner Temple
Occupation
Lawyer•
 Politician•
 Activist•
 Writer•
 Soldier
 
Known for
Indian Independence Movement,
Peace movement
Political party
Indian National Congress
Movement
Indian independence movement
Spouse(s)
Kasturba Gandhi (m. 1883; d. 1944)
Children
Harilal•
 Manilal•
 Ramdas•
 Devdas
 
Parents
Karamchand Gandhi (father)
Putlibai Gandhi (mother)

Signature
Mohandas K. Gandhi signature.svg
Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in coastal Gujarat, western India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for various social causes and for achieving Swaraj or self-rule.
Gandhi famously led Indians in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India. He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn hand-spun on a charkha. He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification and political protest.
Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism, however, was challenged in the early 1940s by a new Muslim nationalism which was demanding a separate Muslim homeland carved out of India.[10] Eventually, in August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire[10] was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan.[11] As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in the Punjab and Bengal. Eschewing the official celebration of independence in Delhi, Gandhi visited the affected areas, attempting to provide solace. In the months following, he undertook several fasts unto death to stop religious violence. The last of these, undertaken on 12 January 1948 when he was 78,[12] also had the indirect goal of pressuring India to pay out some cash assets owed to Pakistan.[12] Some Indians thought Gandhi was too accommodating.[12][13] Among them was Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, who assassinated Gandhi on 30 January 1948 by firing three bullets into his chest.[13]
Gandhi's birthday, 2 October, is commemorated in India as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of Nonviolence.





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Related articles

Gandhism
body of ideas


Indian nationalism


Abbas Tyabji
Indian freedom fighter





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Newton's laws of motion




"Laws of Motion" redirects here. For other uses, see Laws of motion.
"Newton's Law" redirects here. For the 2017 Australian TV series, see Newton's Law (TV series).



Newton's First and Second laws, in Latin, from the original 1687 Principia Mathematica
Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion in response to those forces. More precisely, the first law defines the force qualitatively, the second law offers a quantitative measure of the force, and the third asserts that a single isolated force doesn't exist. These three laws have been expressed in several different ways, over nearly three centuries,[1] and can be summarised as follows:

First law: In an inertial reference frame, an object either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by a force.[2][3]
Second law: In an inertial reference frame, the vector sum of the forces F on an object is equal to the mass m of that object multiplied by the acceleration a of the object: F = ma. (It is assumed here that the mass m is constant - see below.)
Third law: When one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body.

The three laws of motion were first compiled by Isaac Newton in his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687.[4] Newton used them to explain and investigate the motion of many physical objects and systems.[5] For example, in the third volume of the text, Newton showed that these laws of motion, combined with his law of universal gravitation, explained Kepler's laws of planetary motion.





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Last edited 18 days ago by GreenC bot


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frame of reference


Classical mechanics
sub-field of mechanics, which is concerned with the set of physical laws describing the motion of bodies under the action of a system of forces

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Dayananda Saraswati




This article is about the founder of the Arya Samaj. For other uses, see Swami Dayananda (disambiguation).


Dayanand Saraswati About this sound pronunciation  (12 February 1824 – 30 October 1883) was a Hindu religious leader and founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movements of the Vedic tradition. He was also a renowned scholar of the Vedic lore and Sanskrit language. He was the first to give the call for Swaraj as "Indian for India" in 1876, a call later taken up by Lokmanya Tilak.[2][3] Denouncing the idolatry and ritualistic worship prevalent in Hinduism at the time, he worked towards reviving Vedic ideologies. Subsequently, the philosopher and President of India, S. Radhakrishnan called him one of the "makers of Modern India", as did Sri Aurobindo.[4][5][6]

Swami Dayananda Saraswati
સ્વામી દયાનંદ સરસ્વતી
Dayananda Saraswati
Religion
Hinduism
Founder of
Arya Samaj
Philosophy
Vedanta
Personal

Nationality
Indian
Born
Mul Shankar Tiwari or Mulshankar Karasandas Tiwari /Shuddha Chaitanya as Brahmachari
12 February 1824
Tankara, Gujarat
Died
30 October 1883 (aged 59)[1]
Ajmer, Rajasthan
Guru
Virajanand Dandeesha
Literary works
Satyarth Prakash (1875)
Honors
Sindhi Marhu
Influenced
Madam Cama, Pandit Lekh Ram, Swami Shraddhanand, Shyamji Krishna Varma, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Lala Hardayal, Madan Lal Dhingra, Ram Prasad Bismil, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Swami Shraddhanand, Mahatma Hansraj, Lala Lajpat Rai

Quotation

"Om vishwani dev savitar duritani parasuv yad bhadram tanna mmaamaa aasuva."
Those who were influenced by and followed Dayananda included Madam Cama, Pandit Lekh Ram, Swami Shraddhanand, Pandit Guru Dutt Vidyarthi,[7] Shyamji Krishna Varma (who established India House in England for Freedom fighters,) Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Lala Hardayal, Madan Lal Dhingra, Ram Prasad Bismil, Mahadev Govind Ranade[8] Swami Shraddhanand, Mahatma Hansraj, Lala Lajpat Rai,[9][10] and others. One of his most influential works is the book Satyarth Prakash, which contributed to the Indian independence movement.
He was a sanyasi (ascetic) from boyhood, and a scholar. He believed in the infallible authority of the Vedas. Maharshi Dayananda advocated the doctrine of Karma and Reincarnation. He emphasized the Vedic ideals of brahmacharya, including celibacy and devotion to God.
Among Maharshi Dayananda's contributions are his promoting of the equal rights for women, such as the right to education and reading of Indian scriptures, and his commentary on the Vedas from Vedic Sanskrit in Sanskrit as well as in Hindi.





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Jamsetji Tata




Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata (3 March 1839 – 19 May 1904) was an Indian pioneer industrialist, who founded the Tata Group, India's biggest conglomerate company. He was born to a Parsi Zoroastrian family in Navsari then part of the princely state of Baroda.

Jamsetji Tata
જમશેદજી તાતા
JNTata.jpg
Jamsetji Tata

Born
3 March 1839
Navsari, Baroda, British Raj
Died
19 May 1904 (aged 65)
Bad Nauheim, Grand Duchy of Hesse, German Empire
Alma mater
Elphinstone College
Occupation
Founder of Tata Group
 Founder of Tata Steel
Net worth
£1 million (1904) [approx. £96,230,000 (2016)][1]
Spouse(s)
Hirabai Daboo
Children
Dorabji Tata
Ratanji Tata
Parent(s)
Nusserwanji and Jeevanbai Tata
Relatives
See Tata family
He founded what would later become the Tata Group of companies. Tata is regarded as the legendary "Father of Indian Industry".[2]
"When you have to give the lead in action, in ideas – a lead which does not fit in with the very climate of opinion – that is true courage, physical or mental or spiritual, call it what you like, and it is this type of courage and vision that Jamsetji Tata showed. It is right that we should honour his memory and remember him as one of the big founders of modern India." —Jawaharlal Nehru[3]




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Last edited 24 days ago by an anonymous

Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. There are many different methods. Each method has drawbacks and advantages, and spacecraft propulsion is an active area of research. However, most spacecraft today are propelled by forcing a gas from the back/rear of the vehicle at very high speed through a supersonic de Laval nozzle. This sort of engine is called a rocket engine.
All current spacecraft use chemical rockets (bipropellant or solid-fuel) for launch, though some (such as the Pegasus rocket and SpaceShipOne) have used air-breathing engines on their first stage. Most satellites have simple reliable chemical thrusters (often monopropellant rockets) or resistojet rockets for orbital station-keeping and some use momentum wheels for attitude control. Soviet bloc satellites have used electric propulsion for decades, and newer Western geo-orbiting spacecraft are starting to use them for north-south stationkeeping and orbit raising. Interplanetary vehicles mostly use chemical rockets as well, although a few have used ion thrusters and Hall effect thrusters (two different types of electric propulsion) to great success.





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Last edited 9 hours ago by Bibcode Bot


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Russian Revolution




This article is about the revolutions of 1917. For the revolution of 1905, see 1905 Russian Revolution.
The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union. The Russian Empire collapsed with the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II and the old regime was replaced by a provisional government during the first revolution of February 1917 (March in the Gregorian calendar; the older Julian calendar was in use in Russia at the time). Alongside it arose grassroots community assemblies (called 'soviets') which contended for authority. In the second revolution that October, the Provisional Government was toppled and all power was given to the soviets.
Russian Revolution
Russian Revolution of 1917.jpg
Bolshevik forces marching on the Red Square

Date
February Revolution:
 8 – 16 March 1917
(O.S. 23 February – 3 March)
October Revolution:
 7 – 8 November 1917
(O.S. 25 – 26 October)
Location
Russian Empire
Participants
Russian society, bolsheviks, menshiviks, SRs, etc.
Outcome
◾Abdication of Nicholas II
◾Collapse of the Imperial Government
◾Collapse of the Provisional Government
◾Creation of the Russian SFSR
◾Beginning of the Russian Civil War

The February Revolution (March 1917) was a revolution focused around Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg), the capital of Russia at that time. In the chaos, members of the Imperial parliament (the Duma) assumed control of the country, forming the Russian Provisional Government which was heavily dominated by the interests of large capitalists and the noble aristocracy. The army leadership felt they did not have the means to suppress the revolution, resulting in Nicholas's abdication. The soviets, which were dominated by soldiers and the urban industrial working class, initially permitted the Provisional Government to rule, but insisted on a prerogative to influence the government and control various militias. The February Revolution took place in the context of heavy military setbacks during the First World War (1914–18), which left much of the Russian Army in a state of mutiny.
A period of dual power ensued, during which the Provisional Government held state power while the national network of soviets, led by socialists, had the allegiance of the lower classes and, increasingly, the left-leaning urban middle class. During this chaotic period there were frequent mutinies, protests and many strikes. Many socialist political organizations were engaged in daily struggle and vied for influence within the Duma and the soviets, central among which were the Bolsheviks ("Ones of the Majority") led by Vladimir Lenin who campaigned for an immediate end to the war, land to the peasants, and bread to the workers. When the Provisional Government chose to continue fighting the war with Germany, the Bolsheviks and other socialist factions were able to exploit virtually universal disdain towards the war effort as justification to advance the revolution further. The Bolsheviks turned workers' militias under their control into the Red Guards (later the Red Army) over which they exerted substantial control.[1]
In the October Revolution (November in the Gregorian calendar), the Bolsheviks led an armed insurrection by workers and soldiers in Petrograd that successfully overthrew the Provisional Government, transferring all its authority to the soviets with the capital being relocated to Moscow shortly thereafter. The Bolsheviks had secured a strong base of support within the soviets and, as the now supreme governing party, established a federal government dedicated to reorganizing the former empire into the world's first socialist republic, practicing soviet democracy on a national and international scale. The promise to end Russia’s participation in the First World War was honored promptly with the Bolshevik leaders signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany in March 1918. To further secure the new state, the Cheka was established which functioned as a revolutionary security service that sought to weed out and punish those considered to be "enemies of the people" in campaigns consciously modeled on similar events during the French Revolution.
Soon after, civil war erupted among the "Reds" (Bolsheviks), the "Whites" (counter-revolutionaries), the independence movements and the non-Bolshevik socialists. It continued for several years, during which the Bolsheviks defeated both the Whites and all rival socialists and thereafter reconstituted themselves as the Communist Party. In this way, the Revolution paved the way for the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1922. While many notable historical events occurred in Moscow and Petrograd, there was also a visible movement in cities throughout the state, among national minorities throughout the empire and in the rural areas, where peasants took over and redistributed land.

French Revolution




For other uses, see French Revolution (disambiguation).
The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies.[1] Through the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East. Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history.[2][3][4]
French Revolution
Prise de la Bastille.jpg
Storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789

Date
5 May 1789 – 9 November 1799
 (10 years, 6 months and 4 days)
Location
France
Participants
French society
Outcome
◾Abolition of the French monarchy
◾Establishment of a secular and democratic republic that became increasingly authoritarian and militaristic
◾Radical social change based on liberalism and other Enlightenment principles
◾Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
◾Armed conflicts with other European countries

The causes of the French Revolution are complex and are still debated among historians. Following the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War,[5] the French government was deeply in debt and attempted to restore its financial status through unpopular taxation schemes, which were heavily regressive. Years of bad harvests leading up to the Revolution also inflamed popular resentment of the privileges enjoyed by the clergy and the aristocracy. Demands for change were formulated in terms of Enlightenment ideals and contributed to the convocation of the Estates-General in May 1789. The first year of the Revolution saw members of the Third Estate taking control, the assault on the Bastille in July, the passage of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in August, and a women's march on Versailles that forced the royal court back to Paris in October. A central event of the first stage, in August 1789, was the abolition of feudalism and the old rules and privileges left over from the Ancien Régime. The next few years featured political struggles between various liberal assemblies and right-wing supporters of the monarchy intent on thwarting major reforms. The Republic was proclaimed in September 1792 after the French victory at Valmy. In a momentous event that led to international condemnation, Louis XVI was executed in January 1793.
External threats closely shaped the course of the Revolution. The Revolutionary Wars beginning in 1792 ultimately featured French victories that facilitated the conquest of the Italian Peninsula, the Low Countries and most territories west of the Rhine – achievements that had eluded previous French governments for centuries. Internally, popular agitation radicalised the Revolution significantly, culminating in the rise of Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins. The dictatorship imposed by the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror, from 1793 until 1794, established price controls on food and other items, abolished slavery in French colonies abroad, dechristianised society through the creation of a new calendar and the expulsion of religious figures, and secured the borders of the new republic from its enemies. Large numbers of civilians were executed by revolutionary tribunals during the Terror, with estimates ranging from 16,000 to 40,000.[6] After the Thermidorian Reaction, an executive council known as the Directory assumed control of the French state in 1795. The rule of the Directory was characterised by suspended elections, debt repudiations, financial instability, persecutions against the Catholic clergy, and significant military conquests abroad.[7] Dogged by charges of corruption, the Directory collapsed in a coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799. Napoleon, who became the hero of the Revolution through his popular military campaigns, went on to establish the Consulate and later the First Empire, setting the stage for a wider array of global conflicts in the Napoleonic Wars.
The modern era has unfolded in the shadow of the French Revolution. Almost all future revolutionary movements looked back to the Revolution as their predecessor.[8] Its central phrases and cultural symbols, such as La Marseillaise and Liberté, fraternité, égalité, ou la mort, became the clarion call for other major upheavals in modern history, including the Russian Revolution over a century later.[9]
The values and institutions of the Revolution dominate French politics to this day. The Revolution resulted in the suppression of the feudal system, the emancipation of the individual, the greater division of landed property, the abolition of the privileges of noble birth and the establishment of equality. The French Revolution differed from other revolutions in being not merely national, for it aimed at benefiting all humanity.[10]
Globally, the Revolution accelerated the rise of republics and democracies. It became the focal point for the development of all modern political ideologies, leading to the spread of liberalism, radicalism, nationalism, socialism, feminism, and secularism, among many others. The Revolution also witnessed the birth of total war by organising the resources of France and the lives of its citizens towards the objective of military conquest.[11] Some of its central documents, like the Declaration of the Rights of Man, expanded the arena of human rights to include women and slaves, leading to movements for abolitionism and universal suffrage in the next century.[12]





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Last edited 15 days ag

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History of the automobile







The design of the Cugnot Steam Trolley (Jonathan Holguinisburg) (1769)
The early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras, based on the prevalent means of propulsion. Later periods were defined by trends in exterior styling, size, and utility preferences.
In 1808 François Isaac de Rivaz designed the first car powered by an internal combustion engine fueled by hydrogen.[citation needed]
In 1870 Siegfried Marcus built the first gasoline powered combustion engine, which he placed on a pushcart, building four progressively sophisticated combustion-engine cars over a 10-to-15-year span that influenced later cars. Marcus created the two-cycle combustion engine[citation needed]. The car's second incarnation in 1880 introduced a four-cycle, gasoline-powered engine, an ingenious carburetor design and magneto ignition. He created an additional two models further refining his design with steering, a clutch and brakes.
The four-stroke petrol (gasoline) internal combustion engine that still constitutes the most prevalent form of modern automotive propulsion was patented by Nikolaus Otto. The similar four-stroke diesel engine was invented by Rudolf Diesel. The hydrogen fuel cell, one of the technologies hailed as a replacement for gasoline as an energy source for cars, was discovered in principle by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838. The battery electric car owes its beginnings to Ányos Jedlik, one of the inventors of the electric motor, and Gaston Planté, who invented the lead-acid battery in 1859.[citation needed]
In 1885, Karl Benz developed a petrol or gasoline powered automobile.[1] This is also considered to be the first "production" vehicle as Benz made several other identical copies. The automobile was powered by a single[citation needed] cylinder two stroke engine.
After producing and selling the Model A in 1903, Ford Motor Company's Model T became the first mass-produced automobile in 1908, focusing on affordability for the average consumer. By 1927 Ford produced over 15,000,000 Model T automobiles and only then developed the Model A.
At the turn of the 20th century electrically powered automobiles were a popular method of automobile propulsion[citation needed], but their common use did not last long, and they diminished to a niche market until the turn of the 21st century.





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Last edited 2 days ago by CZmarlin


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Kota, Rajasthan




This article is about The municipality in Rajasthan, India. For its namesake district, see Kota district.
Kota (/ˈkoʊtə/About this sound) formerly known as Kotah, is a city located in the southeast of northern Indian state of Rajasthan.[4] It is located Around 250 kilometres (155 mi) south of the state capital, Jaipur, situated on the banks of Chambal River. With a population of over 1 million, it is the third most populous city of Rajasthan after Jaipur and Jodhpur, 46th most populous city of India and 53rd most populous urban agglomeration of India. Kota is world’s seventh most densely populated city with a population density of 12100 people per sq km, as per the World Economic Forum (WEF) citing UN Habitat Data. It serves as the administrative headquarters for Kota district and Kota Division. Kota is a major coaching hub of the country for competitive examination preparations and has a number of engineering and medical coaching institutes.[5]

Kota
Metropolis
Clockwise from the top: Aerial View of Chambal River, Ghatotkachh Circle, Seven Wonders Park, Bansal Classes, Jagmandir Palace, Aerial view of a part of Kota, City Mall, Garh Palace, Aerodrome Circle
Clockwise from the top: Aerial View of Chambal River, Ghatotkachh Circle, Seven Wonders Park, Bansal Classes, Jagmandir Palace, Aerial view of a part of Kota, City Mall, Garh Palace, Aerodrome Circle

Nickname(s): Education city of India, Industrial city of Rajasthan




Kota is located in Rajasthan
Kota
Kota



Kota is located in India
Kota


Show map of Rajasthan
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Coordinates: 25°0′0″N 76°10′0″E
Country
India India
State
Rajasthan
District
Kota
Division
Kota Division ( Hadoti Region )
Government

 • Type
Democratic
 • Body
Municipal Corporation
 • Mayor
Mahesh Vijay (BJP)
 • Member of Parliament Kota-Bundi
Om Birla (BJP)
 • Member of Legislative Assembly Kota South
Sandeep Sharma (BJP)
 • Member of Legislative Assembly Kota North
Prahlad Gunjal (BJP)
Area[1]

 • Total
527 km2 (203 sq mi)
Elevation
271 m (889 ft)
Population (2011)[2][3]

 • Total
1,001,694
 • Rank
46th
 • Density
1,900/km2 (4,900/sq mi)
Languages

 • Official
Hindi, English
 • Native
Rajasthani, Harauti
Time zone
IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN
324001 to 324011 and 324022
Telephone code
0744
ISO 3166 code
RJ-IN
Vehicle registration
RJ-20
Sex ratio
895 ♀/♂
Website
kota.rajasthan.gov.in
The city of Kota was once the part of the erstwhile Rajput kingdom of Bundi. It became a separate princely state in the 17th century. Apart from the several monuments that reflect the glory of the town, Kota is also known for its palaces and gardens.[6][7] Mahesh Vijay of Bhartiya Janta Party is the current Mayor of Kota.[8] In 2013, Kota was ranked the second most livable city in the state (after Jaipur) and forty-first in the country among 50 cities.[9] The city was also included among 98 Indian cities for Smart Cities Mission initiated by Indian prime minister Narendra Modi in 2015[10] and was listed at 67th place after results of first round were released following which top 20 cities were further selected for funding in the immediate financial year.[11]





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Last edited 4 days ago by KolbertBot


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city in India


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